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Compiling  a  Bibliography 


PRACTICAL    HINTS 
WITH    ILLUSTRATIVE    EXAMPLES 

CONCERNING  THE 

COLLECTION,   RECORDING,   AND   ARRANGEMENT  OF 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   MATERIALS 


BY 

GEORGE   WATSON   COLE 


An  Address  delivered  before  the  Pratt  Institute  School  of  Library  Training, 

March  15,  1901 ;  reprinted,  with  Additions,  from 

The  Library  Journal 


"  A  bibliography  is  to  a  literature  or  a  subject  what  an  index  is  to  a  book.  It  shows 
the  extent  of  it,  and  the  amonnt  of  work  that  has  been  bestowed  upon  it.  It  brings 
together  the  fragments  of  knowledge,  and  makes  them  accessible  for  every  one  con- 
cerned. Next  to  having  knowledge,  is  knowing  where  to  go  for  it,  and  the  only 
enduring  guide  is  a  bibliography."— Fbrguson. 


NEW   YORK 

THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 

1902 


Compiling  a  Bibliography 


PRACTICAL    HINTS 
WITH    ILLUSTRATIVE    EXAMPLES 

CONCERNING  THB 

COLLECTION,   RECORDING,   AND   ARRANGEMENT  OF 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  MATERIALS 


BY 

GEORGE   WATSON    COLE 


An  Address  delivered  before  the  Pratt  Institute  School  of  Library  Training, 

March  15,  1901 ;  reprinted,  with  Additions,  from 

The  Library  Journal 


"  A  bibliography  is  to  a  literature  or  a  subject  what  an  index  is  to  a  book.  It  shows 
the  extent  of  it,  and  the  amount  of  work  that  has  been  bestowed  upon  it.  It  brings 
together  the  fragments  of  knowledge,  and  makes  them  accessible  for  every  one  con- 
cerned. Next  to  having  knowledge,  is  knowing  where  to  go  for  it,  and  the  only 
enduring  guide  is  a  bibliography." — Ferguson. 

^  OF  THE  \ 

UNlVERSiTY   ) 

NEW  YORK 

THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 

1902 


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TWO  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY  COPIES 

PRINTED  FOR 

PRIVATE  DISTRIBUTION 


"^r-,^^ 


A' 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


By  GkoRGE  Watson  Cole. 


What  do  we  mean  when  we  make  use  of 
the  term  bibliography?  As  here  understood, 
a  bibliography  is  a  record,  in  technical  form, 
of  all  the  literature  known  to  exist  upon  any 
specific  topic  or  subject. 

"The  object  of  Bibliography,"  says  a  writer, 
well  qualified  to  define  that  object,  "is  to 
bring  a  book  or  set  of  books,  in  their  ab- 
sence, as  much  as  possible  before  the  student. 
A  perfect  bibliography  would  not  only  give  a 
full  and  exact  description  of  a  book  viewed 
as  just  a  compound  of  paper  and  ink  (meas- 
urements, number  of  pages,  etc.;)  but  would 
also,  as  I  hope  we  are  agreed,  set  before  the 
student  so  much  of  the  life  of  a  book  as 
would  give  him,  as  far  as  the  special  object 
of  the  bibliography  would  allow,  an  idea  of 
the  correspondence  of  the  title  with  the  con- 
tents, of  the  plan  and  arrangement,  of  the 
circumstances  of  production  —  if  they  are 
noteworthy  —  and,  roughly,  of  the  place  of 
the  volume  in  the  literature  of  its  subject. 
This  ideal,  in  which  the  author  is  recognized 
as  having  claims  on  our  attention,  as  well  as 
the  printer,  ought  never  to  be  lost  sight  of, 
and  we  should,  if  our  scheme  and  powers 
allow  us,  never  rest  content  with  the  techni- 
cal description  only."  (Madan's  "On  method 
in  bibliography.") 

The  compilation  of  a  bibliography  is  a  sub- 
ject which  may  be  considered  from  two  points 
of  view;  the  theoretical  and  the  practical. 
From  either  standpoint  it  bristles  with  tech- 
nicalities and  difficulties  and  it  is  quite  un- 
likely that  what  I  may  have  to  say  upon  it 
will  prove  of  general  interest.  While  it  is 
true  that  it  appeals  to  but  few  minds,  it  gives 
me  great  satisfaction  to  know  that  those  for 
whom  I  am  writing  are  both  by  experience 
and  training  most  likely  to  belong  to  that 
small  class  of  which  I  have  just  spoken. 
Some  one  may  ask  —  why  are  not  library 
catalogs  sufficient  for  all  practical  purposes? 
M'hy   does   it   become   necessary   to   compile 


bibliographies  and  in  what  respects  are  they 
superior  to  such  catalogs?  In  reply,  it  may 
be  justly  said,  that,  for  the  great  mass  of 
people  the  library  catalog  answers  most  in- 
quiries, but  for  the  scholarly  student  or  writer 
who  wishes  to  know  all  that  can  be  learned 
upon  any  special  subject  —  one,  perhaps,  to 
which  he  proposes  to  devote  months  or  years 
of  study,  as  a  Bancroft,  a  Parkman,  or  a 
Motley,  who  deliberately  sits  down  to  write 
the  history  of  a  certain  epoch  or  nation  —  it 
will  at  once  be  perceived  that  every  source  of 
information,  no  matter  how  trivial  or  insig- 
nificant, should  be  placed  at  his  disposal. 
While  the  example  just  given  may  be  ex- 
treme in  its  application,  the  fact  remains  that 
there  is  a  large  class  of  writers  and  readers 
in  search  of  information  upon  all  conceiva- 
ble subjects,  who  wish  to  pursue  the  subjects 
of  their  search  with  great  thoroughness.  Few 
of  these  persons  have  the  time  or  means  to 
travel  from  library  to  library,  and  so  famil- 
iarize themselves  with  the  resources  of  the 
largest  libraries  in  the  country,  and  even  if 
they  had,  few  of  the  catalogs  of  'these  libra- 
ries are  so  constructed  as  to  show  all  the 
material  upon  any  given  subject  which  lies 
hidden  in  the  periodicals,  the  proceedings  of 
learned  societies,  and  various  other  compila- 
tions, which  rest  upon  their  shelves. 

The  ideal  library  catalog  is  that  one  which 
shows  the  entire  literary  production  of  every 
person,  and  of  every  work  or  contribution  to 
every  subject  in  that  library,  no  matter  where 
they  may  lie  hidden.  Such  a  catalog,  alasl 
has  but  an  imaginary  existence.  If  this  is 
true  of  our  largest  libraries,  which  from  the 
very  nature  of  their  collections,  when  com- 
pared with  the  entire  product  of  the  world's 
literary  activities,  must  be  pitiably  incomplete, 
where  shall  we  look  for  anjrthing  approach- 
ing completeness  of  record  upon  any  subject, 
except  in  a  bibliography  especially  devoted 
to  that  subject? 


10.3565 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


What,  therefore,  libraries  and  governments, 
even,  have  neglected  to  accomplish  it  has  fall-  ' 
en  upon  the  shoulders  of  individuals  to  do. 
,We,  therefore,  find  many  contributing  their 
jshare  toward  surveying  and  mapping  out  the 
great  field  of  knowledge,  selecting  some  spe- 
cial portion,  and  giving  us  the  benefit  of 
their  knowledge  and  researches  in  the  form 
of  bibliographies. 

Every  bibliographer,  while  making  his  in- 
vestigations should  pursue  them  as  if  at  some 
future  time  he  intended  to  write  a  compre- 
hensive work  upon  the  subject  of  his  labors, 
and  was  simply  making  a  preliminary  survey 
and  record  of  the  field,  with  this  as  his  main 
purpose  constantly  in  view.  In  this  spirit  he 
will  most  nearly  put  himself  in  the  position 
of  those  who  will  consult  his  completed  work, 
"^he  bibliography  which  fails  to  most  fully 
record,  annotate,  and  index  the  literature  of 
its  subject  in  such  a  manner  as  to  be  of  the 
greatest  service  to  the  student  in  any  of  its 
various  phases,  as  well  as  to  inform  him 
where  a  copy  of  each  individual  work  titay 
be  found,  falls  short  of  the  bibliographical 
idealj 

The  saying,  that  the  librarian  should  know 
something  about  everjrthing  and  everything 
about  something,  has  passed  into  a  truism. 
The  various  demands  made  upon  the  libra- 
rian of  the  present  day  help  wonderfully  to 
give  him  or  her  some  acquaintance  with 
many  subjects,  or  at  least  the  ability  to  know 
where  information  upon  them  may  be  found. 
The  very  contact  with  the  books  which  come 
into  a  rapidly  growing  library,  is  an  educa- 
tion in  itself,  if  properly  improved,  inasmuch 
as  it  permits  one  to  taste  from  many  springs 
of  information.  After  all  has  been  said  and 
done  the  best  fruits  of  the  library  are  to  be 
found  in  its  catalog.  Here  is  to  be  found  the 
evidence  of  the  librarian's  ability  to  organize 
and  systematize  the  mass  of  information  about 
everything,  which  has  been  placed  in  his  charge, 
and  to  guide  others  through  its  labyrinthian 
mazes.  If  the  librarianjr  has  no  clear  idea  of 
what  his  library  contains  how  can  he  expect 
to  be  a  competent  guide  to  others  ?  The  cata- 
log represents  in  its  highest  form  the  some- 
thing about  everything  which  the  librarian 
should  know  or  his  library  contain  if  it  is  to 
successfully  perform  its  functions. 

But  in  order  to  know  or  learn  everything 
about  something  it  is  necessary  to  follow  a 
more  methodical  course.    While  the  library 


catalog  may  be  taken  as  a  type  embodying 
the  something  about  everj^thing,  the  every; 
thing  about  something  is  perhaps  better  ex- 
emplified by  the  bibliography. 

Now  a  bibliography  may  be  made  upon  any 
conceivable  subject;  upon  any  subject,  in  fact, 
about  which  a  man  can  write,  whether  a  book, 
pamphlet,  or  occasional  article.  Broadly 
classed,  most  printed  works  are  found  to  be 
written  about  persons,  places,  or  things,  or 
take  various  literary  forms  such  as  poetry, 
essays,  the  drama,  etc.  Probably  there  is  no 
one  subject  around  which  literature  more 
naturally  groups  itself  than  that  of  locality 
or  place.  As  my  experience  in  bibliographical 
work  has  been  confined  mostly  to  works  of 
this  description,  whatever  I  have  to  say  will 
naturally  relate  to  this  phase  of  the  subject 
It  might  almost,  with  truth,  be  said  that  every- 
thing relates  to  some  locality. 

We  are  all,  more  or  less,  interested  in  some 
place,  usually  the  town  in  which  we  live.  If 
we  are  connected  with  a  library,  nothing 
would  seem  more  natural  than  that  we  should 
desire  to  place  upon  its  shelves  all  the  books 
and  pamphlets,  in  short  everything  which  can 
be  secured  which  relates  in  any  way  to  the 
city,  township,  county,  or  state  in  which  the 
library  is  situated.  These  works,  to  be  use- 
ful, must  of  course  be  cataloged.  Here, 
then,  we  have  a  subject  at  our  very  hands,  and 
one  most  naturally  chosen :  the  formation  of 
a  special  library  and  the  beginning  of  a  bib- 
liography. Here,  too,  is  an  incentive  to  ac- 
tivity in  making  both  the  collection  and  the 
record  as  full  and  complete  as  possible. 
Again,  we  here  have  all  the  most  favoring 
conditions  for  successfully  carrying  out  such 
an  enterprise.  Many  persons  are  already, 
or  may  easily  be  made,  interested  in  the  work. 
Still,  again,  no  place  is  so  likely  to  contain 
the  materials  we  are  in  search  of  as  the 
place  concerning  which  this  literature  has 
been  written.  Should  a  house  to  house 
search  be  made,  it  cannot  but  be  rewarded 
with  many  precious  discoveries.  And  just" 
here  it  may  be  best  to  call  attention  to  what 
should  be  looked  for  in  collecting  material 
for  a  local  bibliography. 

1.  Printed  works  —  the  contents  of  which 
relate  exclusively  to  the  locality  chosen  or  to 
any  part  of  it. 

2.  Printed  works  which  contain  a  substan- 
tive and  important  reference  to  the  locality 
chosen  or  to  any  part  of  it. 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


3.  Biographies  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  lo- 
cality chosen. 

4.  Locally  printed  works. 

5.  Works  written  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
locality  chosen, 

6.  Speeches  or  sermons  on  general  subjects 
delivered  within  the  locality  chosen. 

7.  Prints. 

8.  Maps. 

9.  Manuscripts. 

This  list  I  have  taken  from  F.  A.  Hyett's 
paper  on  "County  bibliographies,"  which  was 
read  before  the  Bibliographical  Society  of 
London,  March  18,  1895,  and  is  to  be  found 
in  the  Proceedings  of  that  Society,  vol  3,  pt. 
I,  p.  27-40.  I  would  strongly  advise  any  one 
who  contemplates  doing  anything  in  local 
bibliography  to  read  this  paper  before  be- 
ginning his  work.  Another  article  by  F. 
Madan,  entitled  "What  to  aim  at  in  local  bib- 
liography," in  the  Library  Chronicle,  vol.  4 
(1887),  p.  144-148,  will  also  be  found  very 
helpful.  Returning  to  our  list;  no.  i  may 
be  said  to  contain  not  only  books  about  the 
locality,  but  also  all  such  pamphlets,  articles, 
etc.,  in  reviews  and  magazines;  papers  in  the 
Transactions  of  societies;  as  well  as  all  such 
broadsides  and  leaflets  as  are  likely  to  throw 
any  light  on  the  history,  description,  litera- 
ture, flora,  fauna,  or  other  distinguishing 
characteristics  of  the  locality  chosen.  Poetry 
and  fiction,  the  scene  of  which  is  laid  within 
the  locality,  should  also  be  included. 

No.  2  should  include  all  the  above,  possi- 
bly excepting  broadsides  and  leaflets.  But  it 
would  be  well  to  notice  no  references  which 
are  not  of  a  substantive  character,  such  as 
separate  chapters  or  parts  of  a  bo«")k  under  a 
separate  heading. 

To  this  list  should  be  added  not  only  lo- 
cal magazines  and  newspapers  but  reports  of 
local  institutions  and  societies.  Extracts 
from,  or  portions  of  the  laws  and  reports  of 
the  greater  political  departments  of  the  gov- 
ernment, as  those  of  the  county,  state,  or 
federal  government,  so  far  as  they  especially 
apply  or  pertain  to  the  locality  chosen,  should 
also  be  included. 

The  choice  of  material  to  be  made  use  of  in 
the  various  classes  I  have  named  —  what  to 
include  and  what  to  exclude  —  is  far  from  an 
easy  question  to  determine.  A  general  rule, 
however,  may  be  laid  down :  the  smaller 
the  place  chosen  the  greater  should  be  the 
effort   to   include   everything   about   it.     The 


papers  of  Mr.  Hyett  and  Mr.  Madan,  to 
which  reference  has  already  been  made,  will 
assist  one  much  in  coming  to  a  decision  in 
each  individual  case.  The  bibliographer 
should  never  so  far  forget  himself  as  to  at- 
tempt to  play  at  the  same  time  the  role  of 
critic  and  recorder.  Mr.  Hyett  has  well  said : 
"Unfortunately,  the  bibliographer  cannot 

'Look  into  the  seeds  of  Time, 
And  say  which  grain  will  grow  and  which  will  not.' 

And  however  unpalatable  it  may  be  to  him, 
he  should  chronicle  the  existence  of  much 
trash,  in  order  that  what  may  ultimately 
prove  of  value  may  not  escape  notice." 

Before  proceeding  further  I  cannot  refrain 
from  calling  your  attention  to  a  very  impor- 
tant suggestion  made  by  Mr.  Madan  in  his 
paper  to  which  reference  has  already  been 
made.  He  strongly  recommends  the  librarian 
"to  index,  or  to  get  indexed  roughly,  the  best 
local  paper."  "References  for  recent  facts 
are  often,"  he  truly  remarks,  "the  very  hard- 
est to  obtain,  and  also  the  most  immediately 
useful;  the  civic  authorities  of  a  place  would 
be  most  grateful  for  an  index  of  matters  of 
public  interest  kept  up  to  date.  We  should 
aim  at  working  backwards  and  forwards  each 
week  (say)  the  current  number  and  at  least 
one  back  one." 

Having  selected  the  place  of  which  we  pro- 
pose to  compile  a  bibliography  the  first  query 
which  confronts  us  is  How  shall  we  make  a  . 
beginning?  How  are  we  to  learn  what  has\  ^ 
been  written  about  it?  There  is  perhaps  no  \  \ 
better  way,  to  begin,  than  by  obtaining  the  ']} 
best  or,  at  least,  the  most  comprehensive 
work  upon  the  subject  and  reading  it  carefully 
through,  making  notes,  (as  will  hereafter  be 
described,)  of  every  citation  or  authority  that 
the  writer  gives.  No  author,  as  a  rule,  at- 
tempts to  write  upon  any  topic,  without  first 
looking  up,  to  a  more  or  less  thorough  extent, 
what  has  already  been  written  upon  it.  From 
what  he  finds  he  borrows,  or  adapts,  and,  if 
an  honest  writer,  indicates  the  sources  from 
which  he  has  obtained  his  information.  Con- 
sult, also,  all  the  catalogs  and  bibliographies 
upon  which  you  can  lay  your  hands.  By 
this  means  you  will  soon  learn  of  the  most 
important  works  which  have  been  written  con- 
cerning your  subject.  You  may,  perhaps,  dis- 
cover that  a  bibliography  of  the  place  has 
already  been  compiled  and  that  it  would  be 
time  and  labor  thrown  away  to  proceed  with 
your  project.    Or,  again,  you  may  discover 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


that  there  exists  an  old  bibliography,  which 
you  can  supplement  and  bring  down  to  date, 
amplifying  its  scope,  if  need  be,  and  really 
making  a  new  work  of  it.  For  the  encour- 
agement of  those  desiring  to  take  up  this 
class  of  work,  it  may  be  said  that  in  this 
country  but  little  thorough  work  has  been 
accomplished  in  local  bibliography.  The  field 
is  comparatively  unworked,  and  there  still 
remains  much  work  which  ought  to  be  done. 
For,  in  the  words  of  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  in  the 
preface  to  an  excellent  special  bibliography 
which  he  compiled:  "Bibliography  is  never 
finished  and  [is]  always  more  or  less  defec- 
tive, even  on  ground  long  gone  over." 

There  are  two  methods  of  compiling  a  bib- 
liography. The  first  consists  in  copying  all 
the  titles  that  can  be  found  in  the  catalogs 
of  booksellers,  libraries,  publishers,  special 
bibliographies,  subject  or  local,  etc.,  and  ar- 
ranging them  in  an  orderly  manner.  At  best 
this  class  of  work  savors  of  Grub-street  and 
is  an  achievement  which  the  painstaking,  ac- 
curate, and  conscientious  bibliographer  justly 
holds  in  scorn.  For  when  completed,  it  is 
but  the  preliminary  work  or  rough  sketch, 
which  he  should  consider  as  his  starting  point. 
Such  a  work  as  I  have  sketched  is  more  than 
likely  to  carry  mortifying  evidences  of  its 
origin.  The  "pride  of  accuracy"  of  which 
Henry  Stevens  spoke,  has  often  been  brought 
low  even  when  a  most  carefully  prepared 
catalog  or  bibliography  has  appeared  in  type. 
How  much  greater  is  likely  to  be  the  mortifi- 
cation of  the  compiler  of  such  a  work  as  we 
have  just  described,  when  it  is  borne  in  mind 
that  a  bibliography  so  constructed  (though 
seemin  gto  be  a  royal  road  to  bibliographi- 
cal success)  not  only  perpetuates  his  own 
errors  but  adds  to  them  those  of  the  works 
from  which  his  material  has  been  appro- 
priated. 

When  I  began  to  compile  a  bibliography  of 
Bermuda,  I  decided  to  include  in  it  the  title 
of  no  book  or  article  which  I  had  not  per- 
sonally examined.  As  the  subject  was  one 
upon  which  but  little  had  been  written,  this 
determination  has  g^ven  me  an  advantage, 
which  I  can  recommend  to  any  one  who 
wishes  to  compile  a  local  bibliography.  It 
gives  one  an  opportunity  to  examine  for  one's 
self  everything  which  comes  to  hand  for  ref- 
erences to  new  and  unheard  of  material,  and 
to  see  what  authorities  the  various  writers 
have   consulted   or   quoted.    By   this   course 


one's  horizon  is  constantly  extending  and  he 
is  meeting  with  references  to,  or  quotations 
from,  books  to  which  none  of  the  catalogs 
chance  will  throw  in  his  way  will  ever  call  his 
attention. 

As  I  found  these  references  to  or  quota- 
tions from  other  writers,  I  carefully  copied 
them  upon  standard  size  catalog  cards,  in- 
cluding all  the  bibliographical  information 
they  gave.  Whenever  meager,  this  informa- 
tion was  subsequently  increased  by  consulting 
catalogs,  bibliographies  or  other  sources  of 
information  for  fuller  particulars  to  add  to 
the  card.  In  writing  this  card  I  took  especial 
care  to  name  the  book  or  other  source  from 
which  the  entry  was  made.  Experience  has 
taught  me  that  it  is  also  advisable  in  many 
cases,  to  briefly  give  some  idea  of  what  in- 
formation is  to  be  found  in  the  work  cited. 
This  is  all  the  more  important,  as  some  time 
may  elapse  before  the  book  itself  may  be 
placed  in  your  hands;  by  which  time  the 
circumstances  under  which  the  card  was  writ- 
ten or  the  information  which  the  work  you 
have  long  sought  for  is  expected  to  give  may  / 
have  passed  completely  from  your  mind.  Not 
always  having  given  the  source  of  the  infor- 
mation on  the  card,  I  have  sometimes  found 
myself  puzzled,  when  the  book  at  last  came  to 
be  placed  in  my  hands,  to  know  why  the  card 
was  made,  and  have  had  to  visit  the  library  a 
second  time,  if,  as  sometimes  happened,  I  did 
not  have  my  card  index  with  me. 

These  cards,   as   may   be  seen,   are  to  be 
made  from  all  sources  of  information,  such 
as  catalogs,  bibliographies,  indexes,  citations 
from  books,  and  from  every  other  conceiva- 
ble place  where  information  may  be  picked  up,        • 
and,  best  of  all,  at  the  very  time  it  strikes 
the   attention.     I   presume   we   have  all   ex- 
perienced the  difificulty  of  finding  some  bit  of       /. 
information    in    the    daily   paper,    which    we      ^ 
have  desired  to  refer  to  again  after  an  in- 
terval of  two  or  three  days.    Much  time  is 
wasted  in  such  efforts  which  would  have  been 
saved  by  the  prompt  use  of  a  blue  pencil. 
As  our  work  progresses,  the  spirit  of  the  quest 
will   grow   sharper,   and  we  will   almost  in- 
stinctively know  where  to  look  for  pointers. 
We  shall  constantly  be  on  the  lookout  for  a  y 
title  to  add  to  our  preliminary  list.     Many  of    \ 
these  titles  when  run  down  will  amount  to 
nothing,    for   we   shall   naturally   add   many 
which  arrest  our  attention  in  out  of  the  way 
places  in  the  expectation  that  they  may  pos- 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


sibly  afford  something  for  our  final  record. 
Having  begun  this  preliminary  card  index, 
Ithe  next  step  to  be  taken  is  to  consider  the 
'order  of  entry  and  the  extent  of  the  informa- 
tion given  in  the  final  record. 

Cataloging  rules  for  libraries  are  a  series 
of  compromises.  The  elements  of  time,  space, 
and  expense  are  factors  which,  of  necessity, 
liave  to  be  taken  into  account  with  most 
libraries  in  varying  degrees,  and  as  a  result 
the  library  catalog,  while  serviceable  in  the 
time  and  place  for  which  it  is  made,  is  far 
from  being  a  model  to  be  followed  in  the 
kind  of  work  now  under  consideration.  In 
bibliographical  work  it  should  ever  be  borne 
in  mind,  on  the  one  hand,  that  there  are 
certain  elements  about  a  book  which  are  fixed 
and  unchangeable  while  again  there  are  others 
which  are  subject  to  variation.  Among  the 
latter  may  be  mentioned  binding  and  absolute 
size.  From  the  bibliographer's  standpoint  a 
book,  in  its  highest  and  most  complete  form, 
consists  simply  of  the  sheets  of  which  it  is 
composed,  printed,  folded,  gathered,  stitched, 
and  bound  in  paper  covers,  before  the  bind- 
er's guillotine  has  cut  away  a  particle  from 
its  edges.  Hence  it  is  that  the  bibliophile 
chooses  that  his  books  shall  be  bound  with 
uncut  edges,  or  with  the  top  edge  cut  away 
only  just  enough  to  permit  of  its  being  gilded. 
When  such  a  view  is  taken,  it  necessarily  fol- 
lows that  it  should  be  the  aim  of  every  bib- 
liographer to  so  describe  a  book  that  it  can 
never,  by  any  possibility,  be  mistaken  for  any 
other  book  or  for  any  other  edition  of  the 
same  book;  a  thing  which  is  not  so  easy  to 
do  as  at  first  sight  it  appears.  Professor  Au- 
gustus De  Morgan,  the  celebrated  philosopher 
and  mathematician,  in  the  Preface  (p.  xiii.) 
to  his  bibliography  of  "Arithmetical  bocks; 
1481-1800"  (London,  1847),  says,  "Were  I  to 
begin  this  book  again,  I  would  in  every  in- 
stance make  a  reference  to  some  battered  let- 
ter, or  defect  of  lineation,  or  something  which 
would  be  pretty  certain  not  to  recur  in  any 
real  imprint.  Ordinary  errata  would  not  be 
conclusive,  for  these  might  be  reprinted  for 
want  of  perceiving  the  error."  Madan's  rule 
of  giving  the  first  word  of  page  11  and  oc- 
casionally of  loi  or  501  seems  to  my  mind 
to  be  almost,  if  not  quite  as  safe  a  method. 
(Madan,  1893,  p.  96.)  This,  at  first  sight, 
may  perhaps  seem  unduly  painstaking,  but 
experience  has  proved  that  su^  is  not  the 
case,  especially  with  very  old  books. 


The  French  have  always  borne  the  reputa- 
tion of  being  bibliographers  par  excellence. 
One  reason  why  this  may  be  so,  is  that,  in 
France,  the  great  mass  of  books  are  published 
in  paper  covers  with  uncut  edges ;  i.e.,  are 
folded  in  the  original  size  of  the  sheets  upon 
which  the  book  was  printed.  In  this  coun- 
try and  England,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is 
customary  for  publishers  to  issue  their  works 
bound  in  cloth,  or  other  material,  usually, 
with  the  edges  trimmed.  A  book,  subject  to 
constant  handling  and  wear,  as  in  our  large 
circulating  libraries,  is  in  constant  need  of 
rebinding,  so  that  its  absolute  size  is  con- 
stantly changing  each  time  it  passes  under  the 
knife  of  the  binder. 

A  protest  occasionally  appears  in  our  public 
prints  against  the  publishing  of  books  or 
magazines  with  uncut  or  untrimmed  edges. 
No  bibliophile,  no  true  lover  of  books,  de- 
sires them  in  any  other  form.  In  this  shape 
he  has  the  book  in  all  its  bibliographical  per- 
fection. 

If,  as  we  have  seen,  the  size  of  a  book  is  a 
changeable  quantity,  where  then  can  we  find 
something  that  we  can  describe  which  will 
undergo  no  change,  whatever  may  have  been 
the  vicissitudes  through  which  the  book  itself 
has  passed?  In  reply  it  may  be  said  that  the 
type  or  letterpress  of  a  book,  together  with 
its  pagination  and  signatures  and  the  paper 
upon  which  it  is  printed  are  its  only  fixed 
elements.  Bearing  this,  as  it  seems  to  me, 
vital  and  at  the  same  time  elementary  bib- 
liographical point  always  in  view,  I  have  pur- 
sued my  work  as  follows:  In  the  case  of  a 
book  which  relates  wholly  to  the  subject  I 
am  treating,  I  first  exhaust  the  information 
given  by  the  title-page  and  in  the  exact  order 
in  which  it  is  there  given.  There  are  only 
one  or  two  portions  of  any  title-page,  which, 
in  my  judgment,  it  is  safe  to  omit.  First,  the 
list  of  titles,  etc.  (frequently  given  at  weari- 
some length),  which  follows  an  author's 
name.  Even  here  caution  should  be  taken  to 
omit  nothing  which  shall  show  that  the  au- 
thor is,  in  an  especial  sense,  an  authority  upon 
the  subject  of  which  he  writes.  All  infor- 
mation of  an  extraneous  nature  had  much 
better  be  omitted.  Secondly,  mottoes  or  quo- 
tations which  embellish  a  title-page  may  be 
treated  in  a  like  manner.  Sometimes  their 
appositeness  is  such  that  they  may  well  be 
retained.  The  lining  of  titles  of  old  books 
should  be  given,  say  before  1850,  and  especial- 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


ly  of  very  rare  books  even  if  of  more  recent 
date. 

Having  secured  all  the  information  the 
title-page  can  give,  we  next  look  for  ex- 
traneous information.  The  number  of  vol- 
umes, if  more  than  one,  and  size  naturally 
follow  the  information  given  by  the  title- 
^  page.  I  have  said  that  size  is  an  uncertain 
quantity.  To  render  this  information  as  defi' 
nite  as  possible,  I  give  first  the  apparent  size 
as  determined  from  the  fold  or  signatures. 
If  these  are  found  to  be  irregular  this  fact 
is  noted;  as  "in  sixes,"  "in  eights,"  etc.  To 
place  the  record  beyond  any  possible  doubt 
the  actual  measurement  of  the  leaf  is  also 
given  in  centimeters. 

Next  comes  information  of  an  unvarying 
nature;  the  size  and  description  of  a  repre- 
sentative page  of  the  letterpress  or  text.  The 
measurement  of  the  type  should  include  the 
tops  of  the  ascenders  and  capital  letters  of 
the  upper  line  as  well  as  the  descenders  of 
the  lower  line.  Captions  or  running  titles, 
catchwords  and  signatures,  as  well  as  mar- 
ginal or  side-notes,  unless  incut,  I  exclude 
from  this  measurement.  The  size  of  the  type 
may  easily  be  ascertained.  My  method  has 
been  to  procure  a  copy  of  an  old  Whitaker's 
Almanac  and  detach  from  it  the  page  con- 
taining samples  of  the  various  sizes  of  type. 
This  mounted  on  a  piece  of  bookbinder's  tar 
board  and  cut  quite  close  to  the  capital  let- 
ters which  begin  the  lines  makes  a  very  con- 
venient size  rule.  By  sliding  it  upward  or 
downward  near  a  capital  letter  in  a  page  of 
print  one  is  quickly  enabled  to  find  its  exact 
size.  In  foreign  languages  this  information 
is,  of  course,  only  approxipiate,  the  size  of 
the  English  type  being  selected  which  cor- 
responds most  nearly  to  that  of  the  foreign 
type  under  consideration.  Should  any  one, 
however,  desire  to  be  still  more  exact,  in- 
formation regarding  the  names  and  sizes  of 
the  several  foreign  types  and  their  English 
equivalents,  the  point  system  now  in  general 
use  in  this  country,  with  other  interesting 
information,  may  be  found  in  Mr.  De  Vinne's 
recent  book  on  "The  practice  of  typography" 
(N.  Y.,  1900,  chap.  2,  pp.  52-122.) 

The  next  information  to  follow  is  the  num- 
ber of  pages  and  signatures. .  Care  should  be 
taken  that  no  inserted  leaves  or  starred  pages 
are  overlooked  and  any  irregularity  in  the 
number  of  leaves  to  signatures  should  be 
carefully  noted. 


Then  follows  the  record  of  illustrative  mat- 
ter. First  in  order  should  come  plates,  maps, 
tables,  diagrams,  etc.,  or  matter  which  has 
been  printed  independently  of  the  regular  sig- 
natures and  afterwards  inserted  and  bound  up 
with  the  work.  Following  these  may  be  added 
the  number  of  text  illustrations  in  the  follow- 
ing order,  woodcuts,  etc.,  facsimiles,  and  head 
and  tail  pieces,  if  other  than  conventional. 

This  in  general  closes  the  bibliographical 
record  of  the  book  from  a  material  point  of 
view. 

Following  this  may  come  as  notes,  1st,  a 
list  of  the  contents  or  a  synopsis  of  the  mat- 
ter contained  in  the  text.  2d,  a  list  of  the 
illustrations  in  the  order  above  named  with 
titles  or  description  of  each,  especially  if  no 
such  list  appears  in  the  book  itself.  And  3d 
a  list  of  the  maps,  charts,  diagrams,  etc.  The 
title,  size,  and  scale  of  each  map  should  here 
be  given. 

So  much  for  a  book  which  treats  entirely 
of  the  subject.  In  analytical  the  author's 
name  is  given,  when  it  can  be  ascertained, 
followed  by  the  title  of  the  chapter,  part,  or 
article,  including  the  author's  name.  If  it 
appears  at  the  end  of  the  article,  as  frequently 
occurs  in  periodicals,  it  should  be  entered  after 
the  word  [signed],  in  brackets.  Dropping 
down  a  line  in  parentheses,  after  the  word  In 
follows  the  entire  title-page  of  the  volume  an- 
alyzed. If  the  title  is  a  long  one  it  is  well  to 
repeat  at  its  end  the  volume  number,  and  in 
the  case  of  periodicals,  I  give,  in  parentheses, 
the  serial  number  and  date  of  the  special  num- 
ber in  which  the  article  appears.  In  most 
magazines  this  is  ascertained  without  diffi- 
culty. If  not  given  at  the  top  of  the  first 
page  of  each  separate  number  it  may  some- 
times be  found  at  its  bottom  as  a  part  of  the 
signature,  sometimes  in  the  table  of  contents, 
and,  in  one  or  two  cases  of  the  publications 
of  learned  societies,  which  I  have  in  mind, 
this  information  is  to  be  found  on  the  verso 
of  the  title-page.  In  some  cases,  though  rare- 
ly, this  information  is  utterly  unobtainable 
from  the  ordinary  bound  copies,  in  which  the 
original  covers  have  been  discarded;  an  ar- 
gument for  the  retention  of  such  paper  covers 
or  wrappers  in  all  cases.  Following  the  num- 
ber and  date,  in  parentheses  should  be  given 
the  page  from  first  to  last  inclusive. 

Of  analyticals,  the  first  and  last  pages 
should  always  to  be  given,  as  they  give  the 
searcher  some  idea  as  to  the  extent,  if  not 


8 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


thoroughness,  with  which  the  writer  has 
studied  his  subject.  Then  follow  size,  letter- 
press, type,  pages  of  article  and  signatures, 
illustrations,  etc.,  synopsis  of  contents  or 
notes,  etc.,  as  in  the  case  of  the  book  al- 
ready described.  By  giving  the  signatures, 
as  well  as  the  pages  of  analytical  matter,  the 
ioentification  of  such  portions  of  books  or 
periodicals  as  have  been  extracted  and  bound 
up  separately  is  much  simplified. 

The  subject  I  have  chosen  (Bermuda)  is 
one  which  is  of  much  interest  on  account  of 
its  maps  and  charts.  Little  has  been  done 
in  forming  bibliographies  of  maps.  In  this 
country,  Messrs.  P.  Lee  Phillips,  of  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress,  Marcus  Bake'-,  and  Ed- 
ward B.  Matthews  have  examined  and  rec- 
orded the  maps  of  Maryland,  Virginia,  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  Cuba,  etc.  There  are,  there- 
fore, few  precedents  to  follow  in  such  work. 

My  first  experience  threw  me  in  contact 
with  a  number  of  early  seventeenth  century 
majis  which  had  been  extracted  from  the  at- 
lases in  which  they  originally  appeared  and 
which  bore  no  marks  by  which  their  source 
could  be  definitely  ascertained.  At  this  period 
Holland,  and  particularly  Amsterdam  was  the 
seat  of  great  activity  in  the  production  of 
beautifully  engraved  maps  and  atlases.  Rival 
houses  vied  with  each  other  in  the  amount 
and  beauty  of  their  products.  Editions  suc- 
ceeded each  other  at  frequent  intervals.  The 
maps  in  these  atlases  were  usually  accom- 
panied with  descriptive  text,  printed  upon 
their  backs,  in  every  cultivated  European  lan- 
guage; special  editions  being  prepared  for 
sale  in  various  continental  countries.  The 
culminating  point  was  reached  in  the  magnifi- 
cent Atlas  Major  of  Johan  Blaeu,  in  12  vol- 
umes published  in  1663.  It  contained  586 
maps  and  stands  to-day  without  a  rival  in  the 
sumptuous  manner  in  which  it  has  been  en- 
graved and  printed. 

Booksellers  have  fallen  into  the  way  of 
breaking  up  odd  volumes  of  these  old  at- 
lases and  selling  the  separate  sheets,  this 
having.  I  suppose,  been  found  more  profitable 
than  to  sell  the  volumes  entire  or  to  attempt 
to  complete  the  sets  to  which  they  belong. 
At  any  rate,  such  is  the  case  and  the  markets 
are  flooded  with  maps  of  this  description 
which  it  is  almost  impossible  to  identify.  Be- 
fore being  collected  into  volumes  many  of 
these  maps  were  presumably  issued  for  sale 
in  sheet  form,  and  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  if 


a  map  is  unaccompanied  by  text  upon  its 
back  and  devoid  of  other  evidences  of  having 
been  bound  into  an  atlas  of  maps,  it  was 
originally  so  issued.  Many  of  the  early  maps 
now  found  bound  up  in  volumes  of  miscel- 
laneous maps  were  doubtless  so  issued.  Oth- 
ers, with  text,  bound  up  in  miscellaneous  vol- 
umes, were  without  much  doubt  originally 
prepared  for,  if  not  published  in,  atlases,  sub- 
sequently broken  up,  and  again  rebound  in 
miscellaneous  collections. 

The  whole  question  of  maps,  either  in  sep- 
arate form  or  bound,  as  we  have  seen,  is  in 
consequence,  full  of  perplexities  and  uncer- 
tainty. 

Maps,  of  all  products  of  the  press,  are  the 
most  perishable.  Their  form  is  against  them ; 
if  large  they  are  folded,  and  much  use,  with 
the  creases,  soon  wears  them  away.  They  are 
also  the  most  abused  and  uncared  for  of  all 
printed  matter,  especially  as  soon  as  they  are 
superseded  by  those  of  a  more  recent  date. 
But  the  value  of  early  American  maps  as  his- 
toric material  is  coming  to  be  appreciated 
more  and  more  and  better  care  taken  of  the 
remnants  which  have  been  spared  to  us.  Their 
study  by  historians  is  now  considered  indis- 
pensable to  a  thorough  understanding  of  the 
advancement  of  discovery  and  the  early  prog- 
ress in  the  settlement  of  this  country.  Here 
we  probably  find  a  more  truthful  record,  and 
one  in  which  there  is  less  temptation  for  the 
traveller  to  prey  upon  the  credulity  of  his 
fellow-countrymen,  than  in  the  marvellous 
tales  of  his  adventures  he  unfolds  in  the 
printed  page.  Maps  are  besides  more  graphic, 
a  few  lines  of  the  burin  being  much  easier  to 
understand  than  many  pages  of  descriptive 
text. 

From  what  has  already  been  said,  it  is  evi- 
dent that  maps,  from  a  bibliographical  stand- 
point, call  for  distinct  treatment  and  a  more 
exact  description,  if  that  be  possible,  than  we 
are  accustomed  to  give  to  books.  At  the  out- 
set some  interesting  questions  present  them- 
selves. Who  is  responsible  for  the  production 
of  a  map?  Its  publishers,  its  printer,  its  en- 
graver, the  traveller  or  navigator  from  whose 
sketches  it  has  been  produced,  the  compiler 
or  draughtsman  who  puts  these  sketches  into 
proper  form,  or  the  man  who  bears  the  ex- 
pense of  the  undertaking,  be  it  of  the  voyage, 
engraving,  printing,  or  publication?  Who  in- 
deed ?  And  as  maps  sometimes  bear  the  name 
of  one,  sometimes  the  name  of  another,  and 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


sometimes  of  more  than  one  of  these,  it  may 
readily  be  seen  that  numerous  difficulties  lie 
in  the  pathway  of  anyone  who  undertakes  to 
make  an  exact  catalog  of  maps.  Two  ends 
should  ever  be  kept  in  view  in  describing  a 
map  and  especially  a  loose  map.  First  a  thor- 
ough and  accurate  description  should  be  given 
of  the  map  itself  and,  again,  a  record  should 
be  made  of  every  particle  of  information 
which  will  aid  one  to  identify  it  and  even- 
tually complete  the  record  of  its  source.  For 
this  purpose  I  have  made  use  of  nine  head- 
ings for  the  map  itself  (A)  and  an  equal 
number  for  its  subsequent  identification  (B). 
They  are  as  follows : 
A.  I.  Printer,   publisher,   engraver,   or   other 

personal  information  g^ven  on  face  of 

map. 

2.  Title. 

3.  Place,  publisher,  and  date. 

4.  Size  by  metric   system.     Measurement 

to  be  made  within  the  neat  line. 
Much  confusion  may  arise  from  in- 
cluding the  border  of  the  map  in  its 
measurement  to  say  nothing  of  giving 
that  of  the  entire  sheet. 

5.  Scale,  also  by  the  metric  system. 

6.  Print    or    colors,    whether    colored    by 

hand  or  printed  in  colors,  style  of  en- 
graving, etc. 

7.  Location  on  map  of  following  features: 

title,  scale,  compass,  latitude  and 
longitude  if  indicated  and  how,  and 
engraver's  name. 

8.  Border:  its  style  and  description. 

9.  Remarks:   extent  of  territory  covered, 

etc.,  etc. ;  in  very  old  maps  insertion 
of  sea  monsters,  vessels,  form  in 
which  water  is  represented,  method 
of  projection,  etc.,  etc.,  should  be  in- 
dicated 
For  the  eventual  identification  of  maps,  a 

description  of  the  text  upon  its  back  should 

include : 

B.  I.  Title  —  language. 

2.  Pagination,  if  given. 

3.  Size  of  leaf. 

4.  Size  of  type  and  letterpress. 

5.  Number  of  columns,  if  more  than  one, 

and  number  lines  of  type. 

6.  Signatures. 

7.  Catchwords,  of  every  page. 

8.  First  and  last  lines. 

9.  Remarks  —  marginal  notes,  etc.,  etc. 
Spaces  should  be  left  on  sheet  for  future 


insertion    of   new    information   when    found, 
thus  saving  rewriting. 

Returning  now  to  the  consideration  of  the 
general  subject:  it  will  inevitably  follow  that 
some  of  the  references  which  have  been  made 
in  the  preliminary  card  list  cannot  be  veri- 
fied with  the  book  in  hand.  When  at  last  it 
is  decided  to  cease  research  and  to  publish 
what  has  been  collected,  this  material  may  be 
utilized  by  inserting  it  in  the  form  of  notes 
or  as  quotations,  appended  to  the  entries  of 
the  works,  from  which  the  references  were 
taken.  This  will  show  that  the  work  referred 
to  was  not  unknown  to  the  compiler  or  over- 
looked by  him. 

As  the  sheets  which  are  written  from  the 
books  themselves  accumulate,  it  becomes  an 
important  matter  to  decide  how  they  may  best 
be  arranged  or  filed  for  easy  reference.    It  by 
no  means  follows  that  such  an  arrangement 
as    is    most    serviceable    while    the    work    is 
progressing   is   the   best   for   its   publication. 
As  the  work  goes  on,  occasion  will  frequently 
arise  to  consult  the  material  on  hand  to  see 
if  such  or  such  a  work  has  not  already  been 
seen  and  recorded.    There  are  several  meth- 
ods of  arrangement  which  may  be  employed. 
The    alphabetical    by    authors    and   titles,    is 
probably  the  best  for  ready  reference.    An- 
other is  by  titles  of  works  analyzed.     This 
I  have  found  convenient,  and  from  the  need 
of  such  an  index  to  supplement  the  author 
and  title  arrangement,   arose  the  list  which 
was  published  in  the  Bulletin  of  Bibliography 
in  1898,  a  second  series  of  which,  is  now  being 
published   in    the   same   periodical.    Another 
arrangement   is  by   subjects.       This   has   its 
good  points.     It  keeps  together  all  the  works, 
for  example,  on  the  flora,  fauna,  geology,  and 
other  subdivisions  of  the  subject  to  be  worked 
up,  and  indicates  its  greater  or  less  complete- 
ness, and  thus  helps  towards  completing  the 
same.   Another  arrangement,  which  has  much 
to  be   said   in   its   favor,   when   it  comes  to 
printing,  and  a  final  form  must  be  chosen,  is 
the  chronological.     This,  however,  has  little 
value  for  ready  reference  unless  accompanied 
by  several  exhaustive  indexes.     It  is  proba- 
bly the  best  arrangement  for  print  provided 
it  is  thoroughly  indexed.     If  indexes  cannot 
be   given,    I    think   the    subject    form    would 
probably  be  the  most  useful.     The  same  dif- 
ficulty will  be  found  here  as  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  books,  subjects  often  overlap  or  au- 
thors treat  of  more  than  one;  objections  which 


•CO 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


disappear  in  an  author  or  chronological  ar- 
rangement. 

In  my  own  practice,  as  material  has  ac- 
cumulated, I  have,  from  time  to  time,  thrown 
it  into  several  arrangements,  but  in  whatever 
form  it  has  happened  to  be  at  any  given  time, 
I  have  often  had  occasion  to  wish  it  were  ar- 
ranged in  some  one  of  the  others.  To  ob- 
viate this  difficulty,  I  have  made  several  brief 
indexes  which  are  desigfned  to  answer  almost 
any  question,  no  matter  from  what  standpoint 
it  may  arise.    These  indexes  are  as  follows : 

1.  An  author  and  title  index,  in  one  alphabet. 

2.  Chronological  index. 

3.  Subject  index. 

4.  Analytical  index,  by  title  of  periodical, 
compilation,  etc. 

5.  Maps  of  Bermuda  only;  1622  —  date. 

6.  General  maps  depicting  Bermuda;  1511- 
1630.  This  latter  is  arranged  chronologically 
with  a  separate  alphabetical  name  and  title 
index.* 

If  indexes  are  thought  undesirable  and  too 
large  a  mass  of  material  has  not  been  accu- 
mulated, I  have  found  the  following  method 
of  filing  my  sheets  to  work  very  well,  as  it 
allows  one  to  easily  throw  the  matter  into 
any  arrangement  desired.  With  the  book  in 
hand,  and  before  beginning  to  make  my 
record  I  write  in  the  extreme  upper  right- 
hand  corner  of  the  sheet  the  name  of  the 
library  in  which  I  am  examining  the  book. 
Beneath  this  —  of  late  —  I  have  given  the 
date.  It  at  least  shows  that  on  such  a  date 
the  book  was  seen  and  belonged  there.  When 
the  book  has  a  shelf  mark  or  call  number  I 
also  record  this.  The  value  of  this  record 
of  the  name  of  the  library  and  shelf  number 
are  obvious,  should  you  desire  to  re-examine 
the  work,  and  in  case  of  rarity  it  locates  a 
copy  to  which  inquirers  can  be  referred. 

The  record  is  then  made  as  already  fully 
described  upon  sheets  of  paper  25  centimeters 
in  height  by  20  centimeters  in  width.  In  the 
upper  extreme  left-hand  corner  the  date  of 
the  publication  is  given.  A  word  about  this 
date  may  not  be  out  of  place.  In  periodicals 
and  the  publications  of  learned  societies,  is- 
sued in  parts,  the  date  of  the  part,  when  it 
can  be  ascertained,  is  given  rather  than  that 
of  the  title-page,  which  often  bears  a  much 
later  date.  The  former  is  the  true  date  of 
publication,  so  far  as  that  particular  part  of 

*For  specimens  of  these  various  indexes  see  Ap- 
pendix II. 


the  work  is  concerned,  and  priority  of  publi- 
cation, especially  in  matters  of  scientific  rec- 
ord is  often  of  essential  importance.  It  is 
needless  to  say  that  this  date  should  also  ap- 
pear in  the  final  entry.  The  date  of  the 
reading  of  scientific  papers,  which  often  takes 
place  at  greater  or  less  intervals  of  time 
before  they  appear  in  print,  should  also  be 
recorded.  In  arranging  by  dates,  which  are 
inclusive,  as  1816-72,  arrange  under  the  ear- 
lier. To  one  studying  the  matter  historically 
or  chronologically,  the  reason  for  this  arrange- 
ment is  obvious. 

I  have  made  use  of  the  Cutter  author  num- 
ber as  an  assistance  in  alphabeting  my  sheets. 
In  case  of  analyticals  I  have  used  this  twice; 
the  first,  for  the  main  or  author  heading,  I 
place  at  the  right  of  the  date  and  on  the 
same  line ;  the  second,  for  the  title  or  name  of 
the  work  analyzed,  is  placed  below  the  date 
on  the  left-hand  end  of  the  first  line. 

Each  sheet  also  bears,  in  red  inK,  I  hardly 
know  why  in  red,  the  class  number  of  the 
subject  matter  of  the  sheet,  in  the  Decimal 
Classification. 

I  formerly  indicated  at  the  top  of  the  sheet 
whether  the  work  recorded  contained  illus- 
trations or  maps.  This  practice  I  have  not 
kept  up.  It  may  be  easily  added  at  any  time 
if  desired. 

There  are  a  few  details,  which  from  ex- 
perience, I  have  found  convenient  to  employ. 
The  judicious  use  of  underscoring  in  red  ink 
is  very  helpful.  In  cases  where  there  are 
many  lines  of  writing,  it  causes  the  important 
words  to  spring  to  the  eye  from  the  mass  of 
those  of  less  importance.  For  example,  I 
use  it  mainly  in  cases  of  analytical  matter, 
where  the  maiii  heading  is  the  author  or,  if 
anonymous,  the  title.  The  title  of  the  work 
from  which  this  is  taken  together  with  the 
volume  and  pages  being  underscored  in  red 
ink  help  very  much  in  handling  the  sheets 
for  rearrangement  which  at  times  is  found  to 
be  desirable. 

Another  wrinkle  which  I  have  found  to 
work  well  is  the  underscoring  of  unusual 
quoted  matter,  such  as  misspelled  words, 
square  brackets  or  parentheses,  etc.,  with  a 
dotted  line.  It  reassures  one  when  looking 
over  his  manuscript  at  a  later  date  that  the 
form  used  was  intentional  and  did  not  arise 
from  any  mistake  or  negligence.  When  work 
so  underscored  comes  into  the  printer's  hands, 
he,  too,  will  understand  it  perfectly  and  for 


II 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


a  very  simple  reason.  One  of  the  rules  of 
proof-reading  requires  that  when  any  correc- 
tion has  been  made  in  the  proof  and  upon 
maturer  consideration  it  is  decided  that  the 
type  ought  to  remain  as  it  stands,  the  word 
"stet"  is  written  in  the  margin  and  the 
words  which  it  is  desired  to  retain  unchanged 
in  the  proof  are  underscored  with  a  dotted 
line.  If  the  copy  goes  to  the  printer  under- 
scored in  this  manner,  he  at  once  recognizes 
that  it  appears  as  written  with  the  full  knowl- 
edge and  intention  of  the  author  and  will  not, 
as  many  printers  assume  to  do,  correct  it  to 
suit  generally  accepted  standards.  Other 
check  marks  and  arbitrary  signs  I  need  not 
give,  as  each  person  will  devise  and  make  use 
of  them  as  occasions  arise  for  their  use. 

If  what  I  have  said  shall  cause  anyone  to 
become  interested  in  Ipcal  bibliography  and 
to  realize  its  value  as  a  means  of  imparting 
important  information  to  searchers  after  spe- 
cial information,  I  shall  be  glad.  If  it  shall 
be  the  means  of  inspiring  any  to  build  up 
special  collections  of  books  and  to  engage  in 
the  compilation  of  a  bibliography  of  the  sub- 
ject of  which  such  a  collection  treats,  my 
paper  will  have  fully  answered  its  purpose. 
No  one  is  more  conscious  than  myself  of  the 
difficulty  of  attempting  to  describe  technical 
matters  in  a  luminous,  and  at  the  same  time 
popular  way,  especially  in  the  course  of  a 
single  paper.  If  I  have  succeeded  in  making 
my  meaning  intelligible  in  all  cases,  I  shall 
be  more  than  surprised.  Below  I  have  gfiven 
a  list  of  articles  which  it  will  be  well  for 
anyone,  who  seriously  contemplates  compil- 
ing a  bibliography,  to  read  before  taking  up 
his  work. 

A   FEW   ARTICLES   ON    BIBLIOGKAPHY    TO   BB   KZAD. 

Arranged  chronologically. 
Walford,    Cornelius.      Special   Collections   of   Books. 
(In  Trans,  and  Proc.  of  Conference  of  Librarians, 
London,  1877  (Lond.,  1878),  p.  45-49. 

Note.  —  Gives  an  account  of  his  Insurance  Li- 
brary which  now  forms  a  part  of  the  Library  of 
the   Equitable  Insurance  Company  of  New  York. 

Wright,  William  Henry  Kearley.  Librarians  and 
Local  Bibliography.  {In  L.  A.  U.  K.  Trans,  and 
Proc.  of  the  Fourth  and  Fifth  Annual  Meetings, 
Sept.,  1881,  and  Sept.,  1882  (Lond.,  1884),  P.  i97- 
201). 

Bradshaw,  Henry.  Note  on  Local  Libraries  con- 
sidered as  Museums  of  Local  Authorship  and 
Printing  {Ibid.,  p.  237-238). 

Tedder,  Henry  R.  A  Few  Words  on  the  Study  of 
Bibliography.  {In  Trans,  and  Proc.  of  the  L.  A. 
U.  K.,  at  the  7th  Annual  Meeting,  Dublin,  1884 
(Lond.,   1890),  p.    128-131). 


Harrison,  Robert.  County  Bibliography.  {In  the 
Library   Chronicle,   vol.    3    (1886),   p.   49-54). 

Note.  —  Gives  an  account  of  several  bibliogra- 
phies of  English  counties. 

Madan,  Falconer.  What  to  aim  at  in  Local  Bib- 
liography. {In  the  Library  Chronicle,  vol.  4 
(1887),  p.   144-148). 

Note.  —  Practical  directions,  from  the  peraonal 
experience  of  the  author  in  compiling  a  bibliogra* 
phy  of  Oxford. 

Chauvin,  Victor.  What  a  Bibliography  should  be. 
{In  the  Library  journal,  vol.  17  (No.  3,  Mar., 
1892),  p.  87-88). 

Madan,  Falconer.     On  Method  in  Bibliography.     {In 

Transactions   of   the    Bibliographical    Society,   vol. 

I   (Pts.  I  and  2,  1893),  p.  91-102). 

Note.  —  Gives  "Suggestions  of  Method,  in  Out- 
line." 

Christie,  Richard  Copley.  Special  Bibliographies 
[with]  Discussion.  {In  Transactions  of  the  Bib- 
liographical Society,  vol.  i  (Pt.  3,  1893),  P-  '^S- 
»77)- 

Note.  —  Purpose  of  personal  bibliography  ia 
treated  on  p.  169-172;  of  local  bibliography,  p.  171- 
174. 

Cole,  George  Watson.  American  Bibliography,  (Jen- 
eral  and  Local.  {In  the  Library  journal,  vol. 
19   (No.   1,  January,   1894),  p.   5-9). 

Hyett,  Francis  Adams.  County  Bibliographies;  Sug- 
gestions for  increasing  their  Utility.  {In  Trans- 
actions of  the  Bibliographical  Society,  vol.  3  (Pt. 
1,  Sept.,  1895),  p.  27-40). 

Note.  —  Valuable,  as  it  gives  classes  of  ma- 
terial to  be  sought  for  and  their  relative  impor- 
tance. 

Campbell,  Frank.  The  Theory  of  National  and  In- 
ternational Bibliography.  With  Special  Reference 
to  the  Introduction  of  System  in  the  Record  of 
Modem  Literature.  London  (Library  Bureau), 
1898.    8vo.    XV+500  pp. 

Hyett,  Francis  Adams.  Suggestions  as  to  the  Lim- 
its and  Arrangement  of  County  Bibliographies. 
{In  Tran.<iactions  of  the  Bibliographical  Society, 
V.  3   (Pt.  3,  Nov.,   1896),  p.   167-170). 

Petherick.  Edward  A.  Theoretical  and  Practical 
Bibliography.  (7m  Transactions  and  Proceedings 
of  the  Second  International  Library  Conference, 
London,  1897,  p.  148-149). 

Cole,  (jcorge  Watson.  Local  Cartography.  {In  the 
Library  journal,  vol.  23  (No.  3,  March,  1898), 
p.   102-103). 

Ferguson,  John.  Some  Aspects  of  Bibliography. 
Edinburgh  ((Jeorge  P.  Johnston),  1900.  8vo.  4 
II.-I-102  pp. 

Note.  —  300  copies  printed  on  small  paper. 

Letts,  Thomas.  Notes  on  the  Care  of  Maps.  {In 
the  Library  Journal,  vol.  26  (No.  9,  September, 
1901),  p.   688-689). 

Letts,  Thomas.  Notes  on  the  Cataloguing  of  Maps. 
{In  the  Library  Journal,  vol.  27  (No.  2,  Fdi- 
ruary.    1902),   p.    74-76). 

Note.  —  Mr.  Letts'  lifelong  experience,  first  as  a 
publisher  and  afterwards  as  a  cataloguer  of  maps, 
enables  him  to  speak  with  authority  upon  this 
subject. 


12 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


APPENDIX  I.  ^■ 

A  F&w  Examples  of  Caktografhical  Bibliography  arranged  Chronologically. 

Kohl,  J.  G.  Substance  of  a  Lecture  delivered  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution  on  a  Gillectioa 
of  the  Charts  and  Maps  of  America.  (In  Annual  Report  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion;  1856.     p.  93-146.) 

Marcou,  Jules,  and  Marcou,  John  Belknap.  Mapoteca  Geologica  Americana.  (United 
States — Geological    Survey.     Bulletin,   no.   7.)     Washington,    1884.    8vo. 

British  Museum.  Catalogue  of  the  Printed  Maps,  Plans,  and  Charts  in  the  British  Museum. 
London,   1885.    2  vols,    (paged   continuously),  4°.     i   1.-1-4648  pp. 

Baker,  Marcus.    Surveys  and  Maps  of  the  District  of  Columbia.     (National  Geographic 
Magazine,     vol.  6  (November  i,  1894),  p.  149-178.)     Washington   [1894].     8vo. 
Note. — Also  issued  as  a  separate,  with  cover  title. 
For  review  see  Lib.  Jour.,  23:102-103. 

Phillips,  P.  Lee.  Virginia  Cartogfraphy :  a  Bibliographical  Description.  (Smithsonian  Mis- 
cellaneous Collections,  vol.  37,  no.  1039.)  Washington,  1896.  8vo.  85  pp.  and  cover 
title. 

Note. — Also  issued  as  a  separate. 

Mathews,  Edward  Bennett.     Bibliography  and  Cartography  of  Maryland.     (Maryland — Geo- 
logical Survey.     Special  Publications,    vol.  i.,  pt.  4.)     Baltimore,  1897.    8vo,    p.  228-401. 
Note. — Also  issued  as  a  separate. 

Phillips,  P.  Lee.    Guiana  and  Venezuela  Cartography.     (American  Historical  Association. 
Annual  Report;   1897.    P.  681-776.)     Washington,   1898.    8vo. 
Note. — Also  issued  separately. 

Mathews,  Edward  Bennett.  The  Maps  and  Map-Makers  of  Maryland.  (Maryland — Geo^ 
logical  Survey.  Special  Publications,  vol.  2,  pt.  36.)  Baltimore,  1898.  6-1-337-488  pp. 
and  cover  title. 

Note. — Historical   rather  than  bibliographical   in   form. 

Phillips,  P.  Lee.  List  of  Maps  and  Views  of  Washington  and  District  of  Columbia  in  the 
Library  of  Congress.  .(U.  S. — 56th  Congress,  ist  sess. — Senate.  Document,  no.  154.) 
Washington,  1900.    8vo.     77  pp.  and  cover  title-page. 

Phillips,  P.  Lee.  List  of  Maps  of  America  in  the  Library  of  Congress.  (Library  of  Con- 
gress— Division  of  Maps  and  Charts.  Publications.)  Washington,  1901.  roy.  8vo. 
1 137  pp. 


M 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

APPENDIX  II. 
I.    Specimens  of  Preliminary  Cards. 


YL 

Snelling,  Thomas. 

Miscellaneous  views  of  the  coins  struclc  by  English 
Princes,  etc. 

London,  1769. 

Bermuda  Hog  Money,  plate  Iv,  5. 

Ref. 

/^                          Lefroy  in 

V_/                           Numiimatic  Chronicle. 

W-          Bermuda  Company. 

Petition  from  the  Governor  and   Company  of   Ber- 

muda to  the  Council  of  State,  dated  JulV  19,  165 1.    (printed 

copy) 

« 

Rcf. 
•^                        Lefroy,  ▼.  1,  p.  xxxviit. 
U                                  "           "p.  659. 

Capper,  James. 

1 

Observations  on  the  Winds  and  Monsoons. 

London,  1801.     4to. 

■ 

p.  177. 

r\                                    Rel.  from 
V^                            Purdy ;  1839.    p.  77. 

14 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
3.    Specimen  Page  of  an  Index  to  Preuminary  Cards. 

Y*-                  Johnson.  Edw,   Hist,  of  N.  E.  Wonder  Working  Providence.  Lond.,  1654.    4to. 

Wo*                      "                          "                         "                            "  1658 

YL                          M                          "                         "                             "  1659 

Bn*-                      "                        "                      "       ed.  by  W.  F.  Poole.  1867 

JoLiVET,  about  1560.  maps. 

Jones.  J.  Matthew.    Visitors'  Guide  to  Bermuda.    Halifax,  1861.    8vo. 
Ln»  Verrill.      "  "  "  Lond.,  N.  Y.  [1876].    lama 

See  also  Entomologist. 

JoNsoN,  Ben.    Bartholomew  Fair;  1614.    In  his  works.      London,    1616.    fo. 

Wo*                     "                                 "  "  1640.     fo, 

Bn''  B'*  A^         "                                 "  London,  1816.    9  v.  8vo. 

Bo"                      "                                 «  "  -^  Bost.,  1853.    8vo. 

JoinmAN,  Sil.    Discover)-  of  the  Bermudas. 
See  Aungervyle  Society. 

JotniNAL  of  Botany.    (Reid;  Bermuda  Cedar :  1844.  P-  266—1843,  P-  i  )  Lond.,  1844- 

JUDAEis,  or  Jode,  Cornelis  de.     Speculum  Orbis  Terrae  Hemispheres.    Antw.. 
1595.  "Maps. 
"  (Mercator's  map  of   1569  reproduced.)    in   1589.     Maps. 

"  Speculum   Orbis  Terrarum.     Antw.,   1578.     fo,  38  maps. 

2d  ed..  Speculum  Orbis  Terrae,  pub.  by  Cornelis  his  son. 
Antw.,  1593.    fo.  maps. 

A*  JuRiEN  DE  La  Graviere,  E.     Les  Marins  du  Seizieme  Siede. 

See  Revue  Les  Deux  Mondes.     1876. 

3.    Final  Record  for  a  Book  Entirely  Devoted  to  the  Subject. 

,339.  B39  Geo.   Watson  Cole.     25D1900. 

Basham,  Samuel,  versus  Lumley,  Sir  William. 

A  I  Report  of  the  Trial  |  of  |  Basham  v.  Lumley,  |  for  |  False  Imprisonment, 
I  at  1  Bermuda ;  |  in  the  |  Court  of  King's  Bench,  Guildhall :  |  before  |  Lord  Ten- 
terden  and  a  Special  Jury,  |  Thursday,  8th  January,  1829.  |  [rule.]  |  Taken  from 
Mr.  Gurney's  Short-Hand  Notes.  |   [double  rule.]   | 

London:  I  J.    Martnell,   Wine-Office-Court,    Fleet- Street.  |   [rule.]  |  1829.  [ 

8vo.    23.2x14.5  cm.    letterpress  (p.  11),  17.3x10.4  cm.    bourgeois,  46  lines.    iio-|-[i]pp. 

Sig.  [A]— C;  D— G  (in  fours);  H;  I— K   (in  fours). 

Contents. 

Title-page,  i  1. 

Opening  by  Plaintiff's  Counsel,  Sir  James  Scarlett,  p.  3-12. 

Evidence  for  the  Plaintiff,  p.   13-29- 

Case  of  Defendant  opened  by  the  Solicitor  General,  Sir  N.  Tyndal,  p.  29-52. 

Evidence   for  the  Defendant,   p.    52-79. 

Reply  by  Sir  James  Scarlett,  p.   79-92. 

Summing  up  by  Lord  Tenterden,  p.  92-96. 

Appendix: —  .] 

The  Order  for  Examination  ot  Witnesses  at  Bermuda,  p.   97-98.  '  i 

The  Plaintiff's  Interrogatories,  p.   98-100.  ; 

Cross-Interrogatory,  p.    100. 

Interrogatories  to  be  administered  to  [certain  named  witnesses]  ,  p.   100-102.  '  ' 

The  Defendant's  Interrogatories,  p.   103-104. 
Adaitional  Interrogatories,  p.   104-109. 
Plaintiff's  Cross-Interrog^atories,  p.  109-110. 
Index,  p.  [ill]. 

4.    Final  Record  for  a  Pamphlet  Entirely  Devoted  to  the   Subject. 

1884  Bo^.  Lenox  Library.     Ja  1901. 

*  Pi23i6  HRxBsx 

Burn,  J.  Henry. 

God  Controls  All.  |  A  Sermon  |  preached  with  reference  to  the  |  Destruc- 
tion of  Trinity  Church  |  by  Fire  |  On  27th  January,  1884,  |  by  the  |  Revd.  J.  Henry 
Burn,  I  Incumbent.  |  [waving  rule.]  |  Published  at  the  "Royal  Gazette"  Office, 
and  on  sale  |  at  the  Stationery  Store  adjoining,  for  the  benefit  |  of  the  Restora- 
tion Fund  of  Trinity  Church  |  in  this  Town.  |  [waving  rule.]  | 

15 


347-91 


253 


917-399 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
4.    Final  Record  for  a  Pamphlet  Entirely  Devoted  to  the  Subject. — Continued. 

Hamilton,  Bermuda  |  [dash.]  |  1884.  | 

i6mo.     (in  ten  leaves.)      19.3x13.5  cm.     letterpress  (p.   7),  13.9x8.4  cm.     long  primer, 
leaded,  32  lines.     10  pp.  and  cover  title-page,  as  above,  except  that  it  is  enclosed  in  rules  crossed 
k  at  the  comers. 

Note. — "Preached  at  the  Parish  Church,  Pembroke,  on  the  morning  of  3rd  February, 
1884";  re-delivered  by  request  at  Mechanics'  Institute  on  the  following  Sunday  evening. 
An  edition  of  500  copies  printed. 

5.    Final  Record  for  an  Analytical. 
1864.  Ms  I  Amcr.  Geog.  Society. 

Mackie,  J.  Milton. 

From  Cape  Cod  to  Dixie  and  the  Tropics.  By  J.  Milton  Mackie,  Author  of 
"Corsas  de  Espana,"  etc.    "Toward  the  Sun."    Old  Motto. 

New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam,  441  Broadway.     1864. 

i3mo.  18.3x12.3  cm.  letterpress  (p.  387),  13.8x7.7  cm.  small  pica,  double  leaded, 
37  lines.     427  pp.     Sig.  [i] — 17;   »8,  7  leaves. 

NoTB. — Chapter  xxxvi.  (p.  385-395.)     The  Bermudas. 

Location,  p.  385;  place  of  refuge,  landing,  p.  386;  drive  through  the  islands,  p.  387- 
388;  St.  George's  and  Hamilton,  p.  388;  a  luncheon,  the  Commodore,  p.  389:  Bermudian 
vegetables,  p.  391;  convict  work,  climate,  p.  393-393;  a  Sunday  in  Bermuda,  its  silence, 
P    394-395- 

"These  sketches  of  travel  were  written  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  present  rebellion 
in  the  Southern  States;  but  as,  on  the  occurrence  of  this  event,  letters  very  properly  yielded 
to  arms,  they  were  withheld  from  publication." — Preface,  p.  3. 

6.    Final  Record  of  an  Analytical  from  a  Periodical. 

189X.  B4S.  N.  Y.  Botanical  Garden. 

9Jai9oi       580.5  08  Q  4 
G16 

Bermuda  Palmetto,  The.     (an  editorial.) 

SS4S 

{In  Garden  and  Forest.  A  Journal  of  Horticulture,  Landscape,  Art  and 
Forestry.  Conducted  by  Charles  S.  Sargent.  .  .  .  Vol.  IV.  January  to  Decem- 
ber, 1891.  New  York,  The  Garden  and  Forest  Publishing  Co.,  1891.  |  Vol.  4 
(no.  175,  July  r,  1891),  p.  302.) 

4to  (in  sixes).  30.7x33.3  cm.  letterpress,  2  columns  (p.  433),  35.6x18.4  cm.  long 
primer,  solid,   75   lines,     sine  sig. 

Note. — With  this  article  is  a  full  page  reproduction  of  a  "Photograph  of  the  Bermuda 
Palmetto  (Sabal  Blackburniana)  as  it  appears  growing  in  its  native  marshes,  a  species  endemic 
to  the  islands,  and  the  most  interesting  plant  of  their  flora  after  the  Cedar." 

Fig.  53. — The  Bermuda  Palmetto  (Sabal  Blackburniana)  in  the  Devonshire  Marshes, 
p.  307. 

7.    Final  Record  for  a  Map  of  Bermuda. 

[1897.]  C33.  New  York  State  Library. 

X5OZ900  R913  qSms 

(i)  Century  Company. 

(2)  The  Bermudas.  | 

(3)  New  York,  Copyright,  1897. 

(4)  7.7x10.15  cm. 

(5)  2.6  cm.  =  6  miles. 

(6)  Engraved.     Printed  in  colors:  water,  blue;  land,  pink. 

(7)  Title:  lower  r.-h.  corner.  Scale:  below  title.  LaL  and  long,  in  mar- 
gins at  ends  of  meridians  and  parallels. 

(8)  Border:  double  rule. 

(9)  Gives  outlying  reefs  with  soundings.  Inset  in  upper  r.-h.  corner  of 
2  page  map  entitled:  |  The  Century  Atlas.  |  West  Indies.  |  [5  lines.]  | 
[2  scales.]  I  The  Matthews-Northrup  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  |  .  .  .  | 

Text,     (on  back.) 
None. 

16 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

SouitrE.     ("No.  67,"  Inset  map  of.) 

The  I  Century  Atlas  |  of  the  World  |  )  |  Prepared  under  the  Superintendence  of  |  BenjS' 
min  E.  Smith,  A.M.  |  .  .  .  |  .  .  .  |  .  .  .  |  )  |  [cut.]  |  Published  by  |  The  Cen- 
tury Co.  I  New  York  |  [Copyright,   1897.]  | 

leaf  33.1  X  34.9  cm. 

8.    Final  Record  for  a  General  Map  (1511-1630)  Depicting  Bermuda.      '^'*-*^?? 

1598.  Columbia  Univ.  Lib. 

28N1900    9i30r82F 

(i)  OsTEUus,  Abraham. 

(2)  Americae  Sive  |  Novi  Orbis,  No- 1  va  Descriptio.  | 

(3)  [Antverp,   1598.] 

(4)  24.3x46.6  cm.     (with  curved  corners.) 

(5)  2.6  cm.  =  10°  of  longitude  at  the  equator. 

(6)  Copperplate.    Uncolored. 

(7)  Title:  lower  l.-h.  corner  in  ornamental  panel.  Scale:  scale  graduated 
for  each  degree  of  longitude,  numbered  for  every  loth  degree  at  bottom. 
Scale  graduated  for  every  5th  degree  of  latitude  and  numbered  for  every 
loth  degree  at  sides. 

(8)  Border :  ornamental  corners. 

(9)  "La  bermuda"  appears  on  this  map;  also  "Sept  cites"  and  "Santana" 
eastward  of  it.  Fleet  of  10  sails  at  lat.  20°  and  10°.  In  lower  corner 
"Cum  Priuilegio  descennali  |  Ab.  Ortelius  delineab.  |  et  excudeb.    1587."  | 

Text,     (on  back.) 

"Nieuwe  Wcereldt." 
Source,     (folio  5.) 

Thea  |  trvm  |  Orbis  |  Terra  |  rvm  |  Abrahami  Orteli  Antverp.  |  (jeographi  Regii.  |  Dit 
Tonneel  des  Aertbodems  van  Abraham  Ortelivs,  is  te  koope  t'  Antwerpen,  |  in  den  Plantijn- 
fchen  VVinckel,  by  de  VVeduvve  ende  Sonen  van  Ian  Moerentorf.  |  [engraved  title-page; 
seated  figure  at  top  with  sceptre;  two  globes  at  upper  corners;  each  side  of  title  panel  with 
upright  figures  of  women  partially  draped;  below  title  panel  reclining  figure  with  mask.] 

Colophon.      "Ghedruckt   voor   Abraham   Ortelius,   Anno   M.   D.   XCVIII.  |  " 

Note. — For  meaning  of  figures  in  parentheses    see  p.  8. 

9.    Specimen  of  Author  and  Title  Index. 

Bo^  Porgay,  pseud.    Account  of  Watering  Tank  at  B.    In  Naval  Chronicle,  9:  109- 

III.    1803. 
AS  Pr^vost-d' Exiles,  A.  F.     Voiages  aux  lies  Bermudes.    In  his  Hist.  Gen.  des 

Voyages,  15:  626-634.     1759. 

Y^  Proceedings  of  Trial  of  Ship  "Two  Friends."    Phil.,  1795. 

A^  Y'^  Prynne,  William.     Fresh  Discovery   [etc.]     Lend.,   1645. 

Y«  Bn^  PuRCHAS,  Samuel    Of  the  Bermudas.     In  his  Purchas  his  Pilgrimage,  1094-1095. 

1617. 
A^  Purchas,  Samuel.    Of  the  Bermudas.    In  his  Purchas  his  Pilgrimage,  5:  960- 

961.    1626. 
See  also  Serial  Index. 


10. 

Specimen 

OF  Chronological  Index. 

1779. 

Carver. 

1798.     Belknap. 

1780. 

Chalmers. 
Raynal. 

1799.     Peuchet 

I78I. 

Raynal. 

1783- 

« 

Mentelle. 
Bermudas 

or 

Somers 

Islands. 

1787. 

Raynal. 

1788. 

[Bourgeois 

.] 

1790. 

Bermudas 
Statement. 

or 

Somers 

Islands. 

17 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

10.    Specimem  of  Chronological  Index. — Continued. 
'^79Z-    Bermuda  Almanack.  * 

1795-     Proceedings. 

1797.  Morse. 
Robert. 

1798.  Belknap. 

II.    Specimen  of  Subject  Index. 

593.12  Woodward.     1885.     Foraminifera. 

593'6  Jones.     1870.     Coralliaria. 

1869. 
McMurrich.     1889.     Actinology. 
"  1896.     Actineans. 

Rathbun,  R:     1888.     Porites,  etc. 
Verrill.     1898-99.     Actineans. 
1871.     Corals,  etc. 

59363  Andres.     1877.     New  Genus  of  Zoanthina 

593-7  Fewkes.     1883.     Medusae. 

Verrill.     1900.     Anthozoa,  Hydrozoa. 

593-7t  Allman.     1877.     Hydroida. 

5939  Clark.     1898.     Echinoderms. 

"        1899.     Further  Notes  on  Echinoderms. 

594.  Aldrich.     1889.     [Bermuda  shells.] 

Bartram.     1876.     Sea  and  land  shells. 
1878. 
1879. 
Bland.     1862.     Geog.  Distribution. 
Boettger.     1884.     Landschnecken. 
Bush.     1899.     Turbonilla. 
"  "       Septonacea. 

Note. — The  figures,  593- » 2.  etc.,  are  from  Dewey's  Decimal  Qassification. 

12.    Specimen  of  Index  to  Analyticals. 
New  York  Academy  of  Sciences.    Annals.  8vo.    N.  Y. 

Clark,  H.  L.     Notes  on  Echinoderms  of  Bermuda. 

1898,  Sept.    Vol.  II,  p.  407-413. 
Also  issued  separately.  Cole. 

New  York  Academy  of  Sciences.    Transactions.  8vo.    N.  Y. 

Stevenson,  J.  J.     Notes  on  the  Geology  of  the  Bermudas. 

1898  (March,  1897).     Vol.   16,  p.  96-124.      V* 
Also  issued  separately.  Cole. 

New  York  Genealogical  and  Biographical  Record.  8vo.    N.  Y. 

Brown,  J.  J.  O.     The  Bermuda  Islands. 

1894,  Oct.    Vol.  25,  p.   182-191.  A* 

New  York  Medical  Journal.  8vo.    N.  Y. 

Matthews,  H.  E.     The  Qimate  of  Bermuda. 

1892,  Jan.  2.     Vol.  55,  p.  12-14.  Y" 

13.    Specimen  of  Index  to  Maps  of  Bermuda. 
Yc  Redfield,  W  :    C.    Track  of  |  Hurricane,  |  Oct.  1-9  |  1842.  | 

(/«  Amer.  Joum.  of  Science,  2d  ser.,  v.  i,  p.  61.)  1846. 

Size,  18.2  X  20.7  cm. 
Uncolored.  Scale,  2.1  cm.  =  5°  of  longitude. 

Y^  Reid,  Sir  W:     Course  of  the  ]  Bermuda  Hurricane  |  12  Sept.,  1839.  | 

(In  his  Progress  of  the  Development  of  the  Law  of  Storms.)  1849. 

Size,  21.3  X  12.2  cm. 
Scale,  3.8  cm.     10°  of  latitude. 

18 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

P*  Rein,  J.  J.    Bermuda-Inseln.  | 

{In  Bericht;  Senckenbergische,  [etc.];  1869-70;  p.  160.)  1870. 

Size,  22.  X  38.3  cm. 
Printed  in  colors.  Scale,  6.2  cm.  =  4  miles. 

yo  YK')         RoGGEVEEN,  Arent.     Pascaert  van  |  t'Eylandt  la  B.  | 

(/«  Het  I  Eerste  Deel  |  van  het  |  Brandende  Veen;  no.  30.)  1675. 

Size,  40.3  X  50.2  cm. 
Uncolored.  Scale,  10. 1  cm.     2j^  Dutch  miles. 

14.  Speomen  of  Index  to  Maps  (1511-1630)  depicting  Bermuda. 

Original. 

Y*  Ulpius,  Euphrosynus.    Copper  Globe.  1542. 

Size,  42  inches  in  circumference. 

Reproductions. 

Y*-  Murphy,  H:  C.    Regiones  Orbis  [etc.]. 

(Voyage  of  Verrazzano:  p.   114.)  1875. 

Lithograph.  Size,  gore  radius  22.4  cm. ;  at  base  19.8  cm. 

Uncolored.  Scale.  1.7  cm.  =  5°  of  longitude. 

¥»•  De  Costa,  B.  F.    The  Globe  of  Vlpius-1542. 

(Mag.  of  Amer.  Hist.,  vol.  3,  p.  17.)  1879. 

Size,  21.6  cm.  in  circumference. 
Uncolored.  Scale.  1.3  cm.  =  10°  of  longitude  at  equator. 

Y^  WiNSOR,  Justin.    From  the  Ulpius  Globe,  1542. 

(Narr.  &  Crit.  Hist,  of  Amer.:  vol.  4,  p.  42.)  1884. 

Size,  19.3  X  11.2  cm. 
Uncolored.  Scale,  3.2  cm.:=  30°  of  longitude. 

Note, — Arranged  chronologically. 

15.  Specimen  of  Index  to  Maps  (1511-1630)  Bermuda  Omitted. 

1544.  Cabot,    Sabastian.   Mappemonde.    Original  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Paris, 

Stevens.     Hist.   &  Geog.   Notes,     portion  of  pi.  4. 
Rio  Branco.     Atlas  Bresilien.     no.  6. 
"       '  •■■  Hist.  Mag.    March,  1868  (vol.  3,  3d  sen),  p.  129. 

RuGE.     Entwickelung,  p.  66. 
1544,  Munster,  Sebastian.     Mappemonde.     Original  in  his  Kosmographie. 

Lelewel.        Atlas.        pi.  46. 
Santarem.  no.  57. 

Ruge.     Entwickelung,  p.  67. 

1544.  Ruscelli,  Girolamo.  Original.     • 

WiNSOR.     Narr.  &  Crit.  Hist,  of  Amer.      2 :432. 
Bancroft.     Central  Amer.     1:148. 

1545.  Allefonsce    (Alfonce),  lean.     Chart    (folio  187.)     Original  in  his  MS.   Cos- 

mographie,  in  the  Bibl.  Nationale,  Paris,     fons  fran?,  no.  676. 
Muiu»Hy,  H.  C.    Verrazzano.      p.  2i7- 

RuGE.     Entwickelung,  p.  67. 

16.    Specimen  of  Index  to  Atlases;  Bermuda  Omitted. 

1744-45.         TiRiON,  Is.     Nieuwe  en  Beknopte  Atlas.     Amster,   [1744-45].  Y^ 

Tiele  no.  1095. 
1745.  Reynard,  Louis.     Atlas  van  Zeevaert;  door  Oltens  and  Bosch,  I  van  der. 

Amster  (G.  H.  van  Keulen),  [i745]-  Y^* 

Tiele  no.  911. 

19 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

i6.    Specimen  of  Index  to  Atlases  ;  Bermuda  Omitted. — Continued. 
1747.  Seutter,  Matthaeus.    Atlas  Novus.    2  vols,  folio.     1747.  A" 

1753.  HoMANNiANUS  Haeredibus.    Atlas  Compendiarius  sive  Scholasticus.    folio. 

Norimbergae,  1753.  V* 

17.    Specimen  of  Alphabetical  Index  to  Maps. 
Vaz  Dourado  (or  Dura),  Fernao. 
Venezuelan  Commission.    Maps. 


Verrazzano,  Girolamo. 

Vespucci,  Juan. 
«  « 

Viegas,  Caspar. 

Vinci,  Leonardi  da. 

Vopell,  Caspar. 
<(  « 

Vrient,  J.  B. 

Note. — The  degree  mark  after  a  date  (1566°)  indicates  that  Bermuda    is  omitted. 

18.    Index  to  the  Abbreviations  used  for  the  Libraries  Consulted. 


See  Dourado. 

18.  Martyr. 

1534 

17.  Fine. 

1566' 

19.  Hakluyt. 

1587 

20.  Ortelius.     America. 

1587 

22.  Speed. 

1626 

Mappemonde. 

1529° 

1523 

1524 

Carte. 

1534° 

Globe  gores. 

01519° 

Nova  et  Univ.  Orbis. 

1543° 

Cordiform  mappemonde. 

1556° 

Orbis  Terrae  Comp.  D. 

1596 

An  Adaptation  of  Dr.  H.  Carrington  Bolton's  Scheme. 

A« 

Albany,  N.  Y. 

N.  Y.  State  Library. 

B* 

Boston,   Mass. 

Athenaeum  Library. 

BH 

« 

Mass.  Historical  Society. 

B» 

« 

Public  Library. 

B» 

<c 

Mass.    State   Library. 

BnB 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Brooklyn  Library. 

Bn^ 

« 

Long  Island  Historical  Society. 

C» 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Harvard  University. 

Cole 

Private  Collection. 

H» 

Hamilton,  Bermuda. 

Public  Library. 

J' 

Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Free  Public  Library. 

LnB 

London,   Eng. 

British  Museum  Library. 

W> 

Madison,  N.  J. 

Drew  Theological   Seminary. 

Ox» 

Oxford,  Eng. 

Bodleian   Library.                                       \ 

P*^ 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

P' 

<( 

Franklin  Institute. 

Pa" 

Paris,  France. 

Bibliotheque  Nationale. 

W^ 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Library  of  Congress. 

wp 

" 

Public  Library. 

Wo* 

Worcester,  Mass. 

Antiquarian    Society. 

Y* 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Astor  Library. 

Y" 

« 

New  York  Botanical  Garden. 

YO 

<( 

Columbia  University. 

YO 

« 

American  Geographical   Society. 

YH 

« 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

YL 

« 

Lenox  Library. 

Y«» 

u 

Mercantile  Library. 

Yw 

(C 

Academy  of  Medicine. 

Y8 

» 

New  York  Historical  Society. 

20 


COMPILING  A  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

APPENDIX  III. 
Sample  Sheet  of  Final  Recx)rd. 


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